Assignemnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Assignemnt - Essay Example Over the most recent couple of decades, the advancement of area based assistance has went with the development of portable broadcast communications. Area based administrations, for example, worldwide situating satellite frameworks offer numerous advantages to shoppers, however raise issues relating to security, trust and equity. Socially mindful media transmission firms ought to create strategies to protect information and construct trust (Chen et al., 2008). There has been a should have the option to trade data inside firms, accomplices, and clients. The four layers of the worth chain incorporate system administrators, framework integrators, constructing agents, and sub-constructing agents. E-begin activities impact process and social advancements through coordinated effort. The utilization of cooperative electronic devices can fortify business connections, and trigger data perceivability. In a business-to-business online business condition, more tight long haul connections between levels of partners are essential to the achievement of items or administrations. For the most part, online business is related with deals and obtainment exercises. Be that as it may, for this situation it goes past to shared item improvement, anticipating, creation arranging, and the executives of stock (Cassivi et al., 2005). Human capital of more excellent can empower firms to build the scope of different exercises, and improve their capacities to expand ret urns. As indicated by Wei et al. (2009), the serious edge of firms in today’s economy comes from â€Å"difficult to replicate† information resources, and way of sending. The contemporary economy is information based and requires direct commitment for the age of information. The information economy underscores on human gifts that associations can tackle, and building up those capacities. Partaking in the advancing worldwide systems requires building capacities for seriousness. The genuine estimation of associations relies upon thoughts, bits of knowledge and data that workers

My Mother is My Role Model Essays

My Mother is My Role Model Essays My Mother is My Role Model Essay My Mother is My Role Model Essay Exposition Topic: Mother To Mother My Mother is My Role Model BY sann Many individuals have good examples or individuals they gaze upward to in their life. Regardless of whether it be an on-screen character, superhuman, sports star, or Just somebody you appreciate they rouse you and the choices you make. For me, that individual is my mother she is exceptionally wonderful, fruitful. As far as I could recollect she has been directly next to me supporting any fantasy or objective I was attempting to reach. At the point when I am more established I trust I could be there for my children the manner in which she is for me. The principal thing I appreciate is her excellence. Regardless of in the event that she is dressed easygoing or rofessional she generally looks clean cut and prepared for whatever may come up. She has an excellent enormous white grin that can heat up a room. She has exceptionally high cheekbones, which numerous individuals wish they were brought into the world with. Her eyes are a light tanish green shading, Just investigating them you can see all the affection she has for other people. My mother is really tall I would state, however not to tall. I am fortunate to of acquired my mothers qualities. Presently my mother isnt all looks, she additionally has minds. She got her undergrad at Cal State Long Beach, and went on to getting her Masters certificate at Arizona State University in educating. She has been educating at Rhodes Junior High for right around 10 years as a seventh grade science educator. Right up 'til today she despite everything adores each moment of it. She is a diligent employee and ensures that each exercise she shows keeps the understudies intrigued and learning. She goes over and past for her understudies and puts forth a valiant effort to ensure everything is to its maximum capacity before introducing it to her group. I trust that when I am more established, in what ever profession I pick, I will work Just as difficult to be as fruitful as my mother. Last, yet absolutely no where close to the least, my mother has consistently been there for me to ake sure every fantasy or objective I may have is reached. As far as I can recollect my mother has done whatever she could to assist me with prevailing in various things. Regardless of whether I was battling in a class, driving me any place I should have been, or Just required somebody to be there for help, my mother was consistently the first there. In ninth grade I turned out to be wiped out and fell a long ways behind in school. I nearly didnt get through a couple of classes because of unlucky deficiencies, yet my mother worked with me, kept awake until late to support me, and conversed with my instructors requesting augmentations so I could get got up to speed and proceed onward o the tenth grade without any concerns of the past. Numerous guardians I know would Just surrender it over to their children and on the off chance that they didnt pass they didnt pass. Not my mother Im sufficiently blessed to have a mindful enough mother to push me and help me through the difficult situations. Additionally, I have been moving since the age of two, and contending in rivalries since I was five. A major piece of move life is voyaging, generally, really far. With my father consistently gone on excursions for work I relied upon my mother to get me to the spots I should have been. Regardless of what she was doing, she ensured I was there and n time with every one of my outfits, make up, and move shoes prepared to perform. I realize that on the off chance that it wasnt for her experiencing such incredible lengths for me I could never been aDle to encounter everytnlng I nave so Tar. Everybody has that one individual they turn upward to as a good example; to me there is as a matter of fact my mother. She has magnificence, cerebrums, and perhaps the greatest heart I know. Without her in my life I have no clue about where I would be. Sometime in the not so distant future, when I am hitched and have offspring of my own, I trust I can be Just as incredible ofa mother to them as my mother has been for me.

Radiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Radiography - Essay Example Simultaneously, missing a menstrual period could trigger a sign that a lady is pregnant. In the mean time, origination can happen anyplace after the tenth day of pregnancy (Russell JR, et al. 1997), making x-beam and radiography technique liable to correspond with early origination whenever taken before the following beginning of monthly cycle, when a missed period could imply pregnancy. Radiation insurance stay significant in pregnancy, realizing that when considerable portions of ~10 rem are taken on pregnant ladies, this can cause birth deformities and mutations (Health Physics Society, 2014). The 10 days rule in this way comes in as a significant approach or procedure that is utilized to ensure the wellbeing of early babies against any potential harms. Assessments relating to the pelvic and stomach zones in this manner have the 10 days rule applying to yet in instances of lower leg and hand assessments, the 10 days rule might be absolved given to the way that there is generally l ess hazard around there. In an extremely modernized framework, radiographers have taken to the utilization of interventional radiological assessments that accompany restorative applications rather than standard activities (Queen Mary Hospital, 2007). The 28 days rule in radiography is another type of defensive guideline utilized in radiography methods to ensure the wellbeing of conceivably pregnant ladies from undue introduction. This is a standard that can be said to have come to supplant the 10 days rule in radiography as the 10 days rules appeared to have a few degrees of irregularities with the distinguishing proof of pregnancies (Royal College of Radiologists, 2012). With the 28 days rule, the accentuation is on a menstrual period that is late. This implies there is no beauty period permitted in this occurrence. Be that as it may, in front of the use of the 28 days rule, the radiographer will inquire as to whether she has any

The Absence of a Father free essay sample

Today, in America one out of each three youngsters is living in a home without their dad. That implies that one out of three youngsters in America will hit the hay today without getting a goodnight embrace and kiss from that point daddy. It is evaluated that 60 percent of youngsters that were conceived during the 1990s will live a bit of their childhoods in a home without a dad figure. A few people accept that there is no genuine significances to having a dad be available in a child’s life. Be that as it may, research and individual experience shows in an unexpected way. At the point when a dad is missing in a child’s life, the kid endures inwardly, and typically. Children that grow up without a dad figure are bound to engage with drugs, sexual experiences, and wrongdoing. Stress that the nonappearance of any parent puts a void and a gap in a childs life until the end of time. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Absence of a Father or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As small kids, the way that there isn't a dad figure might be neglect, yet as they develop more established they will started to detect the divided family relationship. Regularly youngsters will have the option to feel the deficiency of not having a dad, which with an end goal to fill the vacancy, kids frequently attempt to fill this void with drugs. The U. S. Division of Health and Human Services states, Fatherless kids are at a significantly more serious danger of medication and liquor misuse. At the point when a kid utilizes medications to fill the void, it very well may be the beginning of a winding to the awfulness of a terrible youth. Albeit a few kids don't engage with drugs, so as to fill the void of vacancy a youngster may do other hurtful exercises, for example, joining packs or in any event, endeavoring self destruction. I have came to think that its reasonable that kids growing up without a dad figure will in general have a general expanded danger of creating noteworthy issues. In any case, in no way, shape or form am I saying that all youngsters who grow up without fathers will confront issues. A few youngsters will do fine and dandy. In any case, explore has indicated that illegitimate kids face more life inconveniences than the individuals who grow up with both a mother and a father. One extremely normal snag that particularly youthful females without father run into is teenager pregnancy and not understanding safe sex. Significant investigations have been indicated that youthful females between the ages of 15 and 19 years of age are fundamentally bound to participate in pre-marriage sex than youthful females in homes with both a mother and a dad. Not just have examines indicated that youthful females are engaging in sexual relations, however a considerable lot are getting pregnant. Then again, in certain individuals conclusion there isn't thing amiss with having pre-marriage sex, however considers have demonstrated that by not having a dad figure a higher level of the two young ladies and young men don't have the foggiest idea about the significance of safe sex. Most single parents are exceptionally bustling working and don't have the opportunity to plunk down with their child or potentially little girl and have the â€Å"sex talk† with them. Therefor kids are not getting the perfect measure of instruction about safe sex, which is bringing about progressively high schooler pregnancy. Alongside examines indicating that illegitimate youngsters are bound to engage with drugs and perilous sex, measurements show that kids without a dad are multiple times bound to perpetrate wrongdoing and even spend time in jail in prison. As I would see it the purpose behind this is basic. A dad should take care of business in a child’s life that they gaze upward to, yet additionally dread simultaneously. For instance if a youngster was sitting in front of the TV and was approached to take out they waste by their mom the child’s reaction would in all probability be â€Å"ugh OK fine mother I’ll do it on the commercial†. Presently if a youngster was asked something very similar by their dad, the reaction would in all likelihood sound progressively like â€Å"okay, yes father I’m coming at this moment! †. In a family with both parental units present the dad, 90 percent of the time is the prevailing one who maintains thing in control and he is consistently to be tuned in to. At the point when father is missing from a child’s life more often than not there is no control and the kid assumes that they may do anything they might want, in this way driving them directly down a way of wrongdoing. At last when a dad is missing in a child’s life, the youngster endures inwardly, and typically. Children that grow up without a dad figure are bound to engage with drugs, sexual experiences, and wrongdoing. It isn't the situation that every illegitimate youngster will have these issues. In any case, It is essential to stretch that the nonattendance of any parent puts a void and an opening in a childs life until the end of time.

Journal on The counterculture in the sixities Essay

Diary on The counterculture in the sixities - Essay Example ld are not as free as they might suspect since they are captives to show, incapable to talk openly about sex or legislative issues, which is a circuitous reference to the abhorrences of war which individuals endure without making some noise. In the subsequent article, Schneeman depicts how on-screen characters graphically exhibit the body cost in war by hauling bodies along the stage, while the third article (1967) portrays the destiny of six men who were drafted into the war from Brooklyn and eventually kicked the bucket. Another subject is the need to bring more authenticity into theater, with no compelling reason to dress it up with the purposeful publicity that shapes a piece of every day life. Each of the three articles contend towards this end †life is sufficiently emotional to be depicted all things considered (Beck 1965). There is the hidden ramifications in every one of the three articles that individuals are experiencing their lives without being consistent with themselves, and there is a requirement for theater to feature dreary real factors and carry individuals up close and personal with their internal identities, regardless of whether through observing prison detainees as people or seeing terrible occasions happening. An acknowledgment of the real world and receiving a non denouncing disposition towards sedate clients is likewise a verifiable topic in every one of the three articles that contend for increasingly reasonable depictions through theater and for individuals to look up to disagreeable pictures. The Sixties counterculture was engaged towards an arrival of such restraints which were esteemed to torment traditional society. I was struck by the particular job of theater in adding to the counter war development, which is clear in all the articles. They more likely than not pressed an effect during the sixties, when such instinctive pictures as those depicted by Scheeman more likely than not been a significant stun contrasted with the anticipated nature of average auditorium without authenticity. Authenticity in theater and film is presently ordinary and it caused me to acknowledge the amount we owe to the development in the Sixties, to profoundly change since quite a while ago dug in thoughts. I additionally discovered a portion of the perspectives communicated in the articles to

New Book Offering by SIPA Professor Lincoln Mitchell COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Book Offering by SIPA Professor Lincoln Mitchell COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA Professor of Practice Lincoln Mitchell has just published his new book Uncertain Democracy: U.S. Foreign Policy and Georgia’s Rose Revolution, the first scholarly examination of Georgia’s recent political past. Professor Mitchell recounts the events that led to the overthrow of President Eduard Shevardnadze and analyzes the factors that contributed to the staying power of the elected government led by President Mikheil Saakashvili. Information on the book can be found on the University of Pennsylvania Press site. Mitchell also serves as Acting Director of the Arnold Saltzman Institute for War and Peace Studies.   Professor Mitchells SIPA profile can be found here.

Itax System On Tax Compliance In Kenya Revenue Authority - 16775 Words

Assessing The Impact Of Itax System On Tax Compliance In Kenya Revenue Authority (Research Paper Sample) Content: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF iTAX SYSTEM ON TAXCOMPLIANCE IN KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY.JANETH CHEPKEMOI SABULA RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTED IN PARTIALFULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARDOF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN DOMESTIC TAXESJUNE 2017DECLARATIONThis research is my original work and has not been presented for examination in any other university.Signed DateJANETH CHEPKEMOI SABULHBD336-C016-1852/2016This research project has been submitted for examination with my approval as University Supervisor.SignedDate...VINCENT OMONDISupervisorDEDICATIONThis work is dedicated to my husband Geoffrey B Kachi and Children Shannie and Ephy who have been a constant source of inspiration. They have given me the drive and discipline to tackle any task with enthusiasm and determination. Without their support this proposal would not have been made possible.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI would like to acknowledge the support given to me by my lovely spouse Geoffrey Kachi and my children, Shantel Ivy an d Carmi Ephy. They had to do without my presence for a long time but stood by me to the very end of the proposal. A special thank you, to my dear parentsthe Sabuls whose encouragement, guidance and support kept me going, and to my co-workers who supported me in all respect during the completion of the proposal. Lastly I would like to acknowledge the inspirational instructions and guidance of my supervisor Vincent Omondi without which the proposal would never have been possible.LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACROYNMSKRAKenya Revenue AuthorityItaxComputer Based SystemLTOLarge Tax PayerITMSIntegrated Tax Management SystemTAM Theory of Technical Acceptance ModelETRElectronic Tax RegisterPINPersonal Identification NumberICTInformation Communication TechnologyTATheory on Technology AcceptanceUTAUTUnified Theory of Acceptance and Use of TechnologyVATValue Added TaxTRA Theory of Reason ActionMIT Massachusetts Institute of TechnologySPSS Statistical Packages f or Social scientistsTABLE OF CONTENTSTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u DECLARATION PAGEREF _Toc485880643 \h iiDEDICATION PAGEREF _Toc485880644 \h iiiACKNOWLEDGEMENT PAGEREF _Toc485880645 \h ivLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACROYNMS PAGEREF _Toc485880646 \h vTABLE OF CONTENTS PAGEREF _Toc485880647 \h viABSTRACT PAGEREF _Toc485880648 \h ixCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc485880649 \h 11.1Background of Study PAGEREF _Toc485880650 \h 11.2 Challenges PAGEREF _Toc485880651 \h 21.3 Statement of the Problem. PAGEREF _Toc485880652 \h 21.4 Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc485880653 \h 31.5 Research Objectives PAGEREF _Toc485880654 \h 41.5.1 General Objective PAGEREF _Toc485880655 \h 41.5.2 Specific Objectives PAGEREF _Toc485880656 \h 41.6 Significance of the Study PAGEREF _Toc485880657 \h 41.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study PAGEREF _Toc485880658 \h 5CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW PAGEREF _Toc485880659 \h 62.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc485880660 \h 62.2 Theoretical Review PAGEREF _Toc485880661 \h 62.2.1 Theory on Technology Acceptance (TA) PAGEREF _Toc485880662 \h 62.2.2 Theory of Planned Behaviour PAGEREF _Toc485880663 \h 72.3Empirical Review PAGEREF _Toc485880664 \h 82.4 Conceptual Framework PAGEREF _Toc485880665 \h 112.5 Statistical Model PAGEREF _Toc485880666 \h 122.6 Assumptions of Study PAGEREF _Toc485880667 \h 12CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PAGEREF _Toc485880668 \h 133.1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc485880669 \h 133.2 Research Design PAGEREF _Toc485880670 \h 133.4 Sample Design PAGEREF _Toc485880671 \h 143.5 Research Instruments PAGEREF _Toc485880672 \h 143.6 Validity of the Instrument PAGEREF _Toc485880673 \h 153.7 Reliability of Instruments PAGEREF _Toc485880674 \h 153.8 Data Collection PAGEREF _Toc485880675 \h 153.9 Data Processing, Analysis and Presentation PAGEREF _Toc485880676 \h 15CHAPTER FOUR: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS PAGEREF _Toc485880677 \h 174.1 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc485880678 \h 174.2 Response Rate PAGEREF _Toc485880679 \h 174.3 Reliability Analys is PAGEREF _Toc485880680 \h 184.4 Demographic Characteristics Results PAGEREF _Toc485880681 \h 184.4.1 Gender PAGEREF _Toc485880682 \h 184.4.2 Working Experience PAGEREF _Toc485880683 \h 194.4.3 Age of the Respondents PAGEREF _Toc485880684 \h 204.4.4 Level of Education PAGEREF _Toc485880685 \h 204.4.5 Occupation Level in the Organization PAGEREF _Toc485880687 \h 214.5 Discussion of Findings PAGEREF _Toc485880688 \h 224.5.1 Itax System PAGEREF _Toc485880689 \h 224.5.2 Itax Filing System PAGEREF _Toc485880690 \h 234.5.3 Cost Implication PAGEREF _Toc485880691 \h 244.5.4 Tax Compliance PAGEREF _Toc485880692 \h 254.6 Correlation Analysis Matrix PAGEREF _Toc485880693 \h 264.6.1 Coefficient of Determination PAGEREF _Toc485880694 \h 274.7 Regression Analysis PAGEREF _Toc485880695 \h 284.7.1 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) PAGEREF _Toc485880696 \h 284.7.2 Regression Coefficient PAGEREF _Toc485880697 \h 28CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION PAGEREF _Toc485880698 \h 305.1 Introd uction PAGEREF _Toc485880699 \h 305.2 Summary of Findings PAGEREF _Toc485880700 \h 315.3 Conclusions PAGEREF _Toc485880701 \h 315.4 Recommendations PAGEREF _Toc485880702 \h 325.5 Research for Future Studies PAGEREF _Toc485880703 \h 32REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc485880704 \h 32APPENDICES PAGEREF _Toc485880705 \h 35APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE PAGEREF _Toc485880706 \h 35APPENDIX II: WORK PLAN PAGEREF _Toc485880707 \h 41APPENDIX III: BUDGET PLAN PAGEREF _Toc485880708 \h 42ABSTRACTDespite transforming its operation to online system through the iTax platform KRA still faces compliance challenges leading to actual revenue and expected differing by large gaps margin. The study has investigated the impact of iTax on tax compliance in Kenya with specific reference to LTO Nairobi. The general objective of the study was to analyze the impact of itax system on tax compliance in KRA. Other objectives include the impact of itax infrastructure accessibility, awareness, and the risk of using the itax syste m. Overcoming these issues requires a well-defined road map with a solid understanding of where KRA is today, where it is going and the tradeoffs that will bound the road map. The studys data collection method was done by use of questionnaires. The findings of this study will provide the management of KRA with ideas of implementing iTax and a better understanding of the likely challenges they may face and the appropriate measures to help in mitigating the risk of tax compliance. The quantitativedatacollectedwasanalyzedusingdescriptivestatisticssuch as frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendencies (mean, medium, mode)and measure of dispersion(standard deviation, range or variance). The data was analyze during SPSS. The findings were presentedusing figures, pie charts ,and tables. The findings of the study shows that itax system, itax filing system and cost implication have a significant effect on tax compliance at KRA Nairobi.The findings of the study were that itax has si mplified tax processes and made it easy for the taxpayers to be compliant, they agreed that the system is user friendly. Secondly it has shortened the time taken to extract data, revenue information and time taken to file return due to reduction of movements. Thirdly taxpayer education and sensitization had an, impact on tax compliance. They strongly agree that prosecuting tax evaders and publicizing cases would have impact on compliance, volunteer compliance and enforcing compliance in a just and fair manner would also encourage compliance .The study concluded that itax system, itax filing system and cost implication have a significant correlation on the tax compliance. The study concludes that Kenya Revenue Authority should emphasize on utilizing all the avenues to capitalize on tax compliance issues.CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION1.1Background of StudyKenyas tax collecting agent is Kenya Revenue Authority, since its inception it has grown gradually from manual processes to online system for the administration of taxes to expand tax collection. The current tax collection system in domestic taxes department is called itax. iTax is an improvement of a previous online system called the Integrated Tax Management System (ITMS) which rolled out in 2007. Nah et al (2000) describe an ITMS system as a packaged business software system that enables tax authorities to enforce taxation efficiently and effectively as well as manage use of its resources (materials, human resources, finance) and administration of taxes by providing a total, integrated solution for the organization's information processing needs.Integrated Tax Management Systems is said to have transformed the way organizations go about the process of providing information systems. Instead of crafting each new information system locally, KRA was able to install well-integrated, internationally sourced packages seek to incorporate best practice from information technology systems world-wide. These packages also pro vide very rich choice in features and functions so that the adopting organization can tailor the package implementation to meet their very specific needs. They promise to provide an effective and efficient system to meet the needs of organizations. Despite the promise, there are many challenges which occur during the impleme...

Review of Perspective on Risk Management in Supply Chains

Introduction The following is the authors’ review of three articles from journals relating to the Operations Management 2 Course. Each of the articles will be reviewed and analysed as to their relevance to a particular or number of subjects of the course. Article 1 Perspective on Risk Management in supply chains; Journal of Operations Management 27 2009 (114-118) @ 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The article focuses on managing risk in supply chains and highlight how important this area has increasingly become over the last number of years. It highlights a number of key trends happening at present such as increased reliance on suppliers, cross border supply chains; including that of developing countries, the globalization of†¦show more content†¦This may lead to reduced competiveness and indeed lend a firm to be locked in with a supplier for the foreseeable future. Labor Management and Global Supply Chain Risk (Jiang, Baker and Frazier) -Looked at labor turnover in Chinese suppliers; it linked labor turnover to supply chain risks such as poor quality, low productivity and unfulfilled orders. This paper used a rubric of SCRM derived from Global Supply Chain Forum in Ohio State University. It found eight processes that should be the bedrock of supply chain success. Two of these were directly related to labor issues. The paper acknowledged that outsourcing and cross country supplier relationships will continue and indeed grow and as firms are more and more coming under pressure for reduce pricing and competitive advantages this area will be subject to greater scrutiny. The authors identified two major areas for worker dissatisfaction these are sourcing requirements from overseas forms are too high and local buyers are far too greedy. So firms will continuously change their specifications, increase and tighten quality standards and reduce lead times for delivery. All this coupled with long working hours and unrealistic project demands cause the massive turnover in labor. So in identifying the main causes of these firms can reduce labor issues around supply chain risk. The paper also further identified three major areas of supply chain risks (cost,Show MoreRelatedSupply Chain Risk Management Analysis1521 Words   |  7 Pages Uta Jà ¼ttner, (2005),Supply chain risk management, The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 Iss 1 pp. 120 - 141. Supply chain risk management is an intersection of supply chain management and risk management. For this we need to understand the benefits and as well as the limitations of both the concepts. Supply chain risk is about any threat of interruption in the order of workings of the supply chain. 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Outline Of A Speech On Depression - 1231 Words

Depression I. Speech Overview: A. General Goal: To inform. B. Specific Goal: By the end of my speech, my audience will understand the real illness that is depression and how much it does deal with my generation and the toll it has had on us and how to deal with it. II. Introduction: (This is where you start talking) A. Attention Grabber: In the second grade, after a really, really close family friend had passed away I realized that my days were kind of gloomy and that my always positive mindset had drifted off into a place even now I can’t reach, I tried and tried being happy but no matter what I just couldn’t see the world as the gum drop and rainbow type of place I thought it was, and on a Sunday, on October 25th, 2015, after about 9 years of feeling this way, I have been medically diagnosed with depression. B. Relevance Statement: According to Medical Author: Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, Depression is the leading cause of suicide. In a national survey of high school students, nearly 20% of teens thought about attempting suicide, and more than 8% made a suicide attempt. Over half of all kids who suffer from depression will eventually attempt suicide at least once, and over 7% will die as a result. C. Credibility Statement: so why am I telling you this? And why should you listen to me? Well because I have lived with the symptoms of depression for 9 years now, I know what it feels like, and I also know what it feels like to watch people go through it. Also I did about aShow MoreRelatedDementia Awareness1508 Words   |  7 Pagescausing difficulties with their functions are: ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § Frontal lobe - movement, emotional behaviour, personality, interpretation and feeling, Parietal lobe - language, spatial awareness and recognition, Temporal lobe - long-term memory, speech and hearing, Occipital lobe - vision, Cerebellum - balance, posture, muscle coordination (movement), Hypothalamus - regulates thirst, appetite, body temperature and also sleep cycles and patterns of sleep, Thalamus - muscle movement and processingRead MoreEssay Depression697 Words   |  3 PagesINFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE DEPRESSION JIMENA VILLEGAS SPC1017 INTRODUCTION Hook: How many of you are going through depression? Or do you have friends and/or family members who are going through depression? Thesis Statement: Today I will talk about depression. I will talk about the background, the causes of this disease, the symptoms and finally, the treatment and prevention of depression. BODY I. Background A. What is depression? 1. According to Dr. Jane Doe fromRead MoreInformative Speech On Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1420 Words   |  6 Pages Planning for the Informative Speech with Analysis Speech Topic: To inform my audience of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Generalized anxiety disorder Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience about . . . Their own mental profile and how to recognize the symptoms so they can help themselves and others around them Audience Analysis: (Refer to chapter on Audience Analysis) (RU Core Goal: a) Summarize Audience demographics, prior exposure/knowledge, common ground/interest, disposition/attitudeRead MoreInformative Speech - Teen Suicide Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesINFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE General Subject: Informative speech; teen suicide. General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: Today I will be discussing the topic of teen suicide. Central Idea: Teen suicide is a growing health concern in the US as it is the third leading cause of death among young people [Linn-Gust, 2001]. Thesis: In order to better understand teen suicide, it is important to explore the causes of teen suicide, what are the symptoms and/or signs, and what canRead MoreEffects of Alcoholism on the Human Health and Social Life837 Words   |  3 Pageshealth and social life General purpose/objective The speech is aimed at highlighting the negative effects that excessive intake of alcohol and habitual alcoholism can have on the social aspects of a person and the health repercussions of the aforementioned behavior. The content of the speech is largely informative and in very small part persuasive for people to reconsider their drinking habits. Specific purpose The specific objective of the speech is to give informative facts about the negative effectsRead MoreSample of Outline1025 Words   |  5 PagesSample Formal Speech Outline Title: What is a Migraine and how does it affect people? Name:Steve Smith General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience on what a migraine headache is and how it affects the people who get them. Time: 5 minutes I. Introduction How many people in this class get headaches raise your hand? How many of you get them so severe that they disrupt what you are doing at the time? Those of you who raised your hand to either of those questionsRead Moredementia awareness3879 Words   |  16 Pagesthe part of the brain that controls our speech, hearing and memory. Explain why depression, delirium and age-related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia Depression can sometimes be mistaken for dementia because with dementia a person’s behaviour and feeling of well-being can change and cause the person to appear withdrawn and this for example might be mistaken for depression. However, if the person is depressed then it could be the depression not the dementia causing them ill-beingRead MoreCognitive Therapy And The Treatment Of Depression1089 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Therapy (ICS) Study An accruing relapse of depression is hard to overcome nevertheless; preventing these relapses is the key. The length of depression constitutes a major problem in the treatment of depression. However, many evidences suggest that psychological treatments have been withdrawn to the many treatment trials that have been found in cognitive therapy such as drugs or different types of therapy that defends against depression. â€Å"The preventive interventions such as the drugs operateRead MoreInformative Speech NFL Concussions Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Informative Speech Outline INTRODUCTION 1. Creative Attention Getter a. My creative attention getter will be playing a video with some hard helmet-to-helmet hits in the NFL 2. Thesis Statement a. Football is a hard-hitting sport and can cause concussions, head injuries, and even permanent brain damage. 3. Preview of the main points a. 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The Positive and Negative Experiences of Physical Activity...

The purpose of this study was to find out the positive and negative experiences of physical activity from people with disabilities. They used a qualitative approach of research through semi structured interviews with 20 people with disabilities who have personal experience of participating in physical activity. Each interview lasted 70-110 minutes and was audio-taped and transcribed. They chose the participants through a sampling strategy of 6 physical and 6 verbal disabled people, at least 8 males and 8 females, at least 5 from each age group of 18-23, 24-40 and 41-60 years of age and lastly at least 5 from each category of congenital disability, acquired abruptly or gradually. Interviews focused on their negative and positive experience†¦show more content†¦Data was collected from focus and semi-structured interviews, observations and documents from 87 elementary students, one physical education teacher and one teaching intern. Comparisons were used from three fifth grade class who engaged in a 5 week disability sport unit to three fourth grade classes who participated in physical education curriculum lessons. 15% of the school population had a disability and required individual education plans. They used sampling to attain age relevant data for their research study and make sure it was an accurate representation of the population. Before the disability sports unit, students believed disability meant that â€Å"†¦ they cant do what other people do. However, after the unit finished their views had changed and they said â€Å"I think they are just like you and I. Before the start of unit children believed Paralympic sports were for â€Å"special education people in the Olympics. Although, afterwards they had a change of perception and they then said â€Å"Paralympics games are a great way to show that even if you have a disability you can still do what you want. The teacher believed the lessons would not be good because it is not traditional ly what they do in lessons. However, afterwards their views had changed: â€Å"I learned just as much as these guys did†¦And Im going to be more aware of people with disabilities and have my kids be more aware.† They used a case studyShow MoreRelatedAchieving Increased Self Esteem Through Adaptive Sports1141 Words   |  5 Pagesthan everyone else† (Voight, 2012). Thusly how can a person with a disability compete, live, love and be loved in a society that renders them less than adequate and incapable. For millions of people with disabilities attaining self-actualization, positive self- image, and building the healthiest body one can achieve is impossible. How can a person attain higher levels of mental and physical functions when many persons with disabilities cannot complete their basic physiological needs? Imagine how a disabledRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma998 Words   |  4 Pageswill impact on the lives of children Look at the factors below how will could they affect a child’s life; * Education; poor education could effect future goals and aspirations * Disability; unable to access certain services or activities * Poverty; poor health and hygiene, lack of activities and experiences being accessed * Housing; poor health, unable to develop fully. * Offending behaviour; convictions, effecting social ties and job opportunities * Health status; effect socialRead MoreUnderstand The Context Of Supporting Individuals With Learning Disabilities1394 Words   |  6 Pageswith learning disabilities. Identify legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equality and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities. I can identify the polices and legislation designed to promote inclusion, human rights of individuals with learning disabilities and of their citizenship and equal life chances i.e. National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990; Disability Discrimination Act 2005; Equality Act 2010; Disability Equality DutyRead MoreEssay on Unit LD 205 Principles Of Positive Risk725 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Unit LD 205 Principles of positive risk taking for individuals with disabilities Outcome 1 Know the importance of risk taking in everyday life for individuals with disabilities 1.1- identify aspects of everyday life in which risk plays a part Risk Taking: individual; social; organisational; environmental 1.2- identify aspects of everyday life in which, traditionally, individuals with disabilities were not encouraged to take risks Traditional lack of encouragement: risks in everyday life; traditionalRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability1533 Words   |  7 Pagesand not the person, so the problem would be things such as the disabilities and impairments rather than the needs of the person. The medical model thinks the way to solve the disability would be through things such as surgery, physio etc. If people who follow the medical model think that that a medical cure is not possible then they could exclude someone with a disability from a normal day to day activities or they could be shut way from society in a specialized institution or could even be isolatedRead MoreThe Importance Of Community For Individuals With Disabilities1060 Words   |  5 Pagesof Community for Individuals with Psychiatric Disabilities. Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health, pp 1-12 Summary One would think that in today’s society that the ideal of individuals with disabilities appreciating equal opportunities to live and participate in their communities still remains an unrealized goal. This article offered examples that even though an increasing emphasis on supporting people with psychiatric disabilities in achieving employment goals, unemployment remainsRead MoreWhy The Paralympic Movement And Paralympic Games Really Help The Emancipation And Empowerment Of People With Disabilities924 Words   |  4 PagesOpposite from Hwakins, Cory and Crowe study this article written by Schantz and Gilbert raised a question to whether the Paralympic movement and Paralympic Games really contribute to the emancipation and empowerment of people with disabilities. This article compared the history of Paralympic sports and noted the benefits of sport activities in the improvement of the veteran’s psychological attitudes and social life; however, it also argued that competi tions for people with physical disabilities oftenRead MoreThe Stigma Of Invisible Disabilities. Invisible Disabilities1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stigma of Invisible Disabilities Invisible disabilities are exactly what they seem to be: hidden from view. Invisible disabilities come in almost endless varieties, including mental illnesses, HIV, AIDS, diabetes, learning disabilities, epilepsy, and more. While there may be visible components to these disabilities, all of them can be virtually invisible and â€Å"hidden† from view. People often make assumptions based on what is visibly seen, so when someone is suffering from something invisible, itRead MoreEquality Diversity Inclusion1538 Words   |  7 Pagestreating people fairly and making sure that everyone is given a fair chance and that their individual needs are met. It’s about giving all sections of the community equal access to employment, education and other services that are provided whilst valuing and respecting them. Recognising that different sections of the community require specific measures to make sure they receive equality. Recognising how and why some groups are underrepresente d and knowing what to do about it. Taking positive actionRead MoreDisabled Veterans And Their Participation892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mental health issues or diagnosis, and the enhanced emotional suppression of the military culture often leads to increased isolation or depression. This issue is affecting veterans in not participating in any recreation programs or team sport activities. Some of the veterans tend to ignore the first symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder because of the social stigma that comes with it. It affects a person’s self-confidence and desire to fit in with their peers. With that being said, creating

The Awakening by Kate Chopin Essay - 2440 Words

The Awakening by Kate Chopin Kate Chopin is one of the first female writers to address female issues, primarily sexuality. Chopin declares that women are capable of overt sexuality in which they explore and enjoy their sexuality. Chopin shows that her women are capable of loving more than one man at a time. They are not only attractive but sexually attracted (Ziff 148). Two of Chopin’s stories that reflect this attitude of sexuality are The Awakening and one of her short stories â€Å"The Storm†. Although critics now acclaim these two stories as great accomplishments, Chopin has been condemned during her life for writing such vulgar and risquà © pieces. In 1899 Chopin publishes The Awakening. She is censured for its â€Å"positively unseemly†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦The first way in which Chopin is able to portray an awakening by Edna is through her relationship with her husband, Leonce. Chopin describes Leonce as a likable guy. He is a successful business man, popular with his friends, and devotes himself to Edna and the children (Spangler 154). Although Edna’s marriage to Leonce is â€Å"purely and accident†, he â€Å"pleases her† and his â€Å"absolute devotion flattered her† (Chopin 506). However, it is clearly obvious to the reader the Leonce acts as the oppressor of Edna (Allen 72). When the reader first sees them together, Leonce is looking at his wife as â€Å"a valuable piece of personal property which has suffered some damage† (Chopin 494). The most important aspect to Leonce is making money and showing off his wealth. He believes his wife’s role to be caring for him and his children. Therefore, the first step toward her freedom is to be free of his rule. Edna is able to accomplish this first by denying Leonce the submissiveness which he is accustomed to. She does this by abandoning her Tuesday visitors, she makes no attempt to keep an organized household, and she comes and goes as s he pleases (Chopin 536). The next big step in gaining her freedom from her husband is when she moves into a house of her own while Leonce is away taking of business. She does not even wait to see what his opinion of the matter is (Chopin 558). It is quite evident the only thing Leonce worries about is what people are going toShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1479 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s controversial novel, The Awakening, ignited turmoil because of her blatant disregard of the established 19th century perspective of women upholding strictly maternal and matrimonial responsibilities. Edna’s candid exploration of the restrictions on women through her liberal behavior in a conservative Victorian society makes her a literary symbol for feminist ideals. Despite denunciation from other people, Edna chooses individuality over conformity through her veering from traditionalRead MoreThe Awakening by Kate Chopin1102 Words   |  5 Pagesveracity of this q uote as both find their independence by boldly exceeding the norm. Their stories were fashioned during a period of great change and both characters are hallmarks of the hope and power women were unearthing at the time. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy are novels concerned with the transformation of women’s roles in society. Their protagonists, Tess and Edna, are not outright feminists, but they are acutely aware of the limitations imposed uponRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1919 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, we see how much of an importance the men in Edna’s life serve as a purpose to her awakening. Chopin is known to write stories about women who are unsatisfied with their lives while living in a life that is dominated by men. Other than Edna, the main men characters are typical men of the late 19th century era. Chopin shows how these three men are diverse from one another. The Creole men are Là ©once Pontellier, Edna’s husband, Robert, Edna’s mystery man numberRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin901 Words   |  4 Pagescandidly. Kate Chopin is honorably amongst this group of authors. Her works divinely portrayed the culture of New Orleans and the lives of Louisiana s Creole and Cajun residents. Chopin openly express her views on sex, marriage, and the injustices of women during the time. Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, best exemplifies the contextual achievement of realism through the rejection of conformity, the exploration of love, and the weight of social opinion on individual choices. The Awakening is publishedRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1222 Words   |  5 Pages The Awakening By: Kate Chopin Emely Maldonado AP LIT Period 3 Topic 3 Maldonado 1 Displacement The late 1800s and the 1900s was a prison for woman’s individuality. During this time period, stereotypical views of women were commenced by society and men. In the era that the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin was published, the gender roles were graved in stone, men would work to maintain their family and women would adhere to the house-hold duties. Dissatisfaction with theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreThe Awakening, By Kate Chopin887 Words   |  4 Pages Feminism has been a term used by many authors and writers for centuries, symbolizing women being able to use freedom the way they want to, not the way others want them to use it. Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, experiences an â€Å"awakening† in her life, where she discovers her position in the universe and goes in this direction instead of what others like her husband Leonce tell her to take, similar to the style of feminism. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beg inningRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1427 Words   |  6 Pagessuffering an imposition (Moderata). Throughout history, the inherent inferiority of women to men has often been cited as a way to deter women from becoming an individual and pursuing more in life. This notion is a prevalent issue in The Awakening by Kate Chopin; in which Edna fights to live her own way and is ultimately unable to survive in the cage of society. Not only has this supposed inferiority effected women for generations, but it has created inequality in our society today; especially inRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1633 Words   |  7 Pages1. Title of text (underline novels/plays) author’s name The Awakening by Kate Chopin 2. Characterization Character Development (a) 1.Edna Pontellier- Edna is the main character of the novel who is married to a businessman. Edna is a dynamic character because at the beginning of the novel, she conforms to society by being the â€Å"perfect† mother and wife; however, Edna suddenly realizes that she is no longer happy with the way she was living her life and began to become independent only for herRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin915 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Kate Chopin’s writings are trademarked by her unique, deliberate word choices. Chopin uses phrases that do not make sense and seem to contradict themselves to get across a point. In two of her stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening,† Chopin’s word usage highlights the idea of self-discovery. â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† share similar themes. â€Å"The Awakening† is the story of a woman in the late 1800s discovering her apathy for her traditional female role as a wife

Leadership, Power and Politics Free Essays

Leadership is the process of influencing others to act to accomplish specific objectives. Leaders are the key movers of an organization and they are able to inspire and motivate their members to work towards the attainment of goals. In the past, leadership have been thought of as a quality that only the elite managers possess, however reality is, each one of us possess and may develop our leadership skills. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership, Power and Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a leader is not an easy job, it takes creativity, innovativeness, discipline, passion and an open mind. It is said that leaders emerge in times of change and turmoil; it is a fact that when the going gets tough, leaders are there to get things done. Opportunities for change however must be sought out and seized by the leader. It is a necessary element in the exercise of leadership, for leadership is at its best when there is an opportunity to grow, innovate and to improve. A leader can accomplish this by treating every job as an adventure, by deciding that each day is an opportunity to learn something new or to discover better ways of accomplishing things, the leader is more able to initiate changes that would be for the greater good of the group. When a leader seeks meaningful challenges, it allows the leader to work with passion and commitment that is personally gratifying and hence is able to effectively work for the group. With that, the leader also find and create meaningful challenges for others, when members feel that they are valued and trusted by their leaders to be able to accomplish realistic and challenging goals, they become more committed and become better workers. This means that the leader provides his/her members too become intrinsically motivated to rise to the challenge. As a leader, it is important that he/she make the workplace fun, happy people are more productive and they like going to work everyday because it is a happy place. as such, when an organization is so used to doing things in the same way, it leads to complacency and even deterioration, thus a leader must be able to question the status quo, this would mean that as a leader he/she must actively look for systems or programs that have outlived its usefulness and be creative enough to provide new ideas. Renewing teams in any organization is necessary in order to breathe new life to the team, a shuffling of departments or the movement of positions would reenergize the team and possibly generate new ideas and opportunities. Lastly, the leader should adopt an open approach to searching for opportunities. It is an acceptance of the leader that he/she does not have the monopoly of ideas and it is necessary to be aware of what is happening outside and inside the organization. Being an effective leader also takes the ability to experiment and takes risks and to learn from mistakes. Leaders if for some twist of fate have always been thought of as someone who can transform any organization form the brink of death to greater heights. But in reality, it is the scientific and objective leader who is able to appreciate the importance of carrying out mini experiments of new processes that would in the end be more cost-effective than to rush and implement a program or process that have not been tested. Experiments are for introducing new products while creating or developing models in specific departments of new processes will give the leader an objective assessment of the possibility of success or failure of the new process. The leader is not the sole experimenter, he/she must encourage other to experiment also, but at times it is faced with fear and apprehension, thus the leader should assure the members that it is safe to experiment. When a person is so set in his/her ways then it is difficult to initiate change, the leader therefore must be able to break the mind set of its people, to become more open to new ideas and change. An enormous change may be anxiety provoking for members, the leader thus should break up the changes into small challenges that members can accomplish one at a time. People work better if they know that their ideas and feelings are respected and that if what they are doing is of their own choice, a leader should give each person the opportunity to make their own choices. A leader must learn how to say yes to the ideas and opinions of its members, by saying yes more frequently than but or no, it would be easier for the leader to also solicit the cooperation of its people. A leader is not a Greek hero who has supernatural powers, he/she can make mistakes and a true leader has the grace and humility to accept his/her mistakes and to learn from it. Lastly, a leader should also be able to evaluate the effectiveness of the new programs or changes that he/she has carried out in the company and this exercise should be a collaborative effort with input from the different members of the organization. Knowing what may cause the failure of an innovation would go a long way in improving that product or process. It is true that leaders emerge out of the difficulties or major changes in an organization, and being a leader is no easy job, and one can always make use of information that would help enhance or develop our leadership skills. I found this as the advantage of the concepts, it provides true-to-life examples of how a leader is able to seize opportunities for change and why it is important to experiment and learn from mistakes. The disadvantages of the concepts however is that it is too abstract and sometimes it is difficult to relate to a job as mundane as selling cigarettes and that most of the examples involve large organizations wherein leaders are often the head of the department or the organization. Although the chapters do provide pointers on what an ordinary person could do to become a leader and it is a practical guide. The chapters present the concept as a series of things to do or things to learn, and not all could be applied at the same time to a single organization. In my experience as a cigarette store owner, I am limited by the products that sell the most; I may provide my customers with new brands or novel cigarettes but since smokers tend to stick to one brand. I may be able to innovate probably in giving freebies to loyal customers or be creative by using bonus coupons that they could exchange for premium brands. Moreover, I do not have a staff and hence my leadership skills are not harnessed. On the other hand I work part time in a gasoline station and work with other people but again a gasoline station is one of the most normal and stable organization there is. Thus, unless if the gasoline station gets sold or merged with another store, then maybe it would be time for me to rise to that challenge. On the other hand, learning about leadership has been exciting and very challenging, it tells me that I can be a leader someday; it also made me become aware of some of my personal characteristics that is akin to leaders. I would like to share to others what I have learned about leadership, sometimes we do not know that we possess the ability to be leaders if other people don’t acknowledge it, I would also tell them of the things that a good leader should be able to accomplish. That said, there are different leadership styles which a person may favor and use in different situations. Leadership styles include autocratic leadership, bureaucratic leadership charismatic leadership, participative leadership, Laissez-faire leadership, relations-oriented leadership, servant leadership, task-oriented leadership, transactional leadership and transformational leadership. Personally, I think that participative leadership is the best among the styles because although the leader has the final say in the decisions concerning issues on organizational change; it allows the members of the organization to contribute their ideas and thoughts. This communicate that the leader value and respects its members and thus increase job satisfaction of members and cultivates a culture of collaboration and cooperation that every organization needs to get things done. Reference Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2002). The Leadership Challenge.   California: Jossey-Bass       How to cite Leadership, Power and Politics, Essay examples Leadership, Power and Politics Free Essays Conflict,   Management and leadership Conflict is a natural outcome originating due to individual and group interaction. It is a ‘friction’ produced due to emotions and behaviors of people working closely rubbing against each other. When people from various backgrounds and beliefs work together, consciously or unconsciously they try to pass their own principles in work aspects creates conflict. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership, Power and Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, conflict is not always destructive or regressive. When well managed and directed, it has great utility in substantially improving an organization’s functional and production aspects, along with helping individuals to evolve a joint   philosophy of work and cooperation. However, poorly managed conflict situation impairs the organizational outcome, creating stress, introducing   dissatisfaction and reducing efficiency. Characteristics of Conflict The round the clock work schedules, trans-national nature of jobs, and strain in today’s world have worked together to make conflict an unavoidable part in life of people. Work related stress, with pressures of deadline, critical levels of responsibility, problems of resource allocation and management, setting, defining and achieving challenging goals, and all the time trying to coordinate with different individuals give rise to perfect conditions for   conflict to emerge within organizations (Bergman and Volkema, 1989). But before any attempt to resolve conflict it is important to understand the characteristics of conflict that an organization generally faces. According to Baron (1990), a study of various organizational parameters indicated towards five characteristics of conflict . These are 1. Conflict due to contrasting or opposing field of interests between or among individuals or groups. 2. Recognition of these opposing interests by the interested parties 3. Conflict centers on a perception by each side that its opposing party would injure its interests 4. Conflict is not a stage, rather a process and it results from the way individual and groups define their relations through the past interaction 5. Actions and efforts by each party with the intention of negating other’s goals. Conflict management and leadership Leadership has a great role to play in conflict resolution. A leader with qualities with excellent communication, understanding and negotiation can be instrumental in bringing the positive outcome through the issues involved in the conflict. As the business and corporate management has realized, leadership greatly helps to alleviate conflict situation due to its inspirational value. Leadership essentially about encouraging   people to pool themselves together towards achieving common goals and objectives (Rosenbach and Taylor, 1998, 1. Leadership further empowers individuals, helps them to rise above their rank and position within the organization to associate themselves and their colleagues with specific works, duties and responsibilities and enables them to identify and set their own directions, work on commitment and take challenges.   (Day and Halpin, 2004, 3). Its not surprising then that companies are ready to invest hugely in leadership development program, as a guaranteed way to emerge ahead than their competitors. Within every social, institutional or organizational structure, a leader is always looked upon the person with abilities to broach reconciliation and resolution in situation of conflict. Leadership entails elements of power and authority that are critical to acquire influence. There are five power bases for a leader, as identified by French and Raven (1959). They are 1. Legitimate power: the power that comes by virtue of the position and command to control behavior. 2. Coercive power: It is the leader’s control over persuasion and ability to take symbolic punitive actions in case of dissent 3. Reward power: It is the leader’s control over granting rewards 4. Expert power: These are the specialties that a leader attains due to knowledge and experience and that he is expected to possess and use in conflict resolution 5. Referent power: This is the power over over subordinate or group members to identify the leader Leaders may opt for one, some or   a combination or all of these power bases to attain conflict management and resolution by influencing the psychological and social dimension of conflict, trust, and authority (Johnson and Short, 1994 :Leadership (Power and Politics) Leadership is not a characteristic that exists in isolation. As it is defined, leadership implies establishing coordination, orientation, cooperation, and collaboration among the followers to accomplish designated objectives and goals. It is   possible when leaders can inspire their followers with respect, admiration, discipline, confidence in the abilities of the leader while being helped to envision themselves as empowered individuals (Brown and Lord, 2004, 2). A good leader has the ability to take over even most complex, demanding and otherwise impossible condition by exhibiting personal integrity, ethical and moral traits and values that other can relate to and aspire to imbibe in their own conduct (Laurie, 2000, 53). Here it is important to distinguish personal charisma from leadership, as personal charisma, being an person specific phenomena, can awe people but hardly give them impetus to follow in the footsteps of the leader. Leadership is also means natural acquisition of power and potential to change its equation affect over the leaders and their followers. There inherent dangers associated with power, and for most of the people, the timeless adage-‘power corrupts’ suits justly. Power contains a temptation that is hard to resist and has potential to become the ultimate goal for a person rather the tool that was designated in helping to achieve the goals.   But a genuine leader understands this irony of power and therefore believes that power should be shared with others so that it can grow. The real power of leaders is their   ability to inspire others with a sense of power and confidence (Champy and Nohria, 1999, 165). According to Reigel’s (1979) theory of development, the relevant categories to leadership practices and conflict management are: 1. Optimism-faith in goodness of humanity. It works on the principle of faith in inherent goodness of humanity with a sense that goals and objective are achievable. 2. Interconnectedness-responsibility for the whole. The principle is extension of sense of responsibility to greater issues affecting the world that connects individual with the entire humanity. 3. The contradictory nature of things. It teaches about recognizing and respecting that contradiction occurs in people, their experience and circumstances. 4. Life is characterized by crises. Recognition that crises and conflicts are inbuilt of component of life and progress is achieved by incorporating them in the philosophy towards life. 5. Kinship with others. It stresses on building associations and help in realizing that every one is important and deserves equal respect from others. 6. The opposition. It teaches about taking opposition as contradiction, instead of viewing it in negative perspective. 7. Acknowledging other’s contribution. It stresses on frank and appreciative acknowledgment of success and achievements of others Reference Baron, R. A. (1990). Conflict in organizations. In K. R. Murphy F. E. Saal (Eds.), Psychology in organizations: Integrating science and practice (pp. 197–216). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Bergmann T. J., and   Volkema R. J. ( 1989). â€Å"Understanding and managing interpersonal conflict at work: Its issues, interactive processes, and consequences†. In M. A. Rahim (Ed.), Managing Conflict : An inter-disciplinary approach (pp. 7-19). New York: Praeger Brown DJ and   Lord, RG,   2004, Leadership Processes and Follower Self-Identity,   Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ. Champy J, Nohria N, 1999, The Arc of Ambition: Defining the Leadership Journey, Perseus Books (Current Publisher: Perseus PublishingCambridge, MA. Day DV and Halpin SM, 2004, Leader Development for Transforming Organizations: Growing Leaders for Tomorrow,   (edit) David V. Day, Stanley M. Halpin, Stephen J. Zaccaro, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,   Mahwah, NJ. French, Jr., J.R.P., Raven, B. (1959). The bases social power. In Dorwin Cartwright (edit.), Studies in social power (pp. 150-157). Ann Arbor, MI: Researc Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan Johnson, P.E and Short, P.M (1994). Exploring the Links among Teacher Empowerment, Leader Power and Conflict. Education. Volume: 114. Issue: 4. Page Number: 581+. Laurie DL, 2000, The Real Work of Leaders: A Report from the Front Lines of Management, Perseus Books (Current Publisher: Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, MA Riegel KF. Foundations of Dialectical Psychology. New York: Academic Press, 1979. Rosenbach WE and Taylor RL, 1998, Contemporary Issues in Leadership, (edit) William E. Rosenbach, Robert L. Taylor, Westview Press,Boulder, CO.                   How to cite Leadership, Power and Politics, Essay examples

Faulker vs. Hemingway free essay sample

Compare and contrast: Hemingway v. Faulkner Each writer has its very own and unique style when writing a story. The style a writer uses to write a story shows the tone being use, symbolism, characterization and description, enough for the reader to understand the story. Two well-known writers with completely different styles are Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. â€Å"Faulkner uses many words to weave an intricate picture in the readers head of what is going on, and Hemingway uses many monosyllabic words to create a seemingly simple story† (Dayan). Their similarities and differences in style are seen when comparing and contrasting two of their famous short stories, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† by Ernest Hemingway and â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner. Ernest Hemingway’s story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† uses simple words that directly mean what they stand for. Hemingway uses simple, less complex words to describe both characters and setting. We will write a custom essay sample on Faulker vs. Hemingway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Examples of it are found in the title, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† (Hemingway 141). The two waiters describe the customer as a â€Å"clean old man a good client† (Hemingway 141). Hemingway’s word choice was blunt and to the point. The word usage does not let the reader get funny ideas or leeway to think anything other than what Hemingway says. Hemingway’s style reflects when the young waiter states the old man is â€Å"drunk† (Hemingway 141). The young waiter does not suggest he was tipsy or that he seemed intoxicated, he simply meant he was drunk. On the other hand, William Faulkner’s use of words are more complicated due to the fact they are slang and misspelled. Some misspelled words and slang are â€Å"kin hisn and hit† (Faulkner 145) which stands for the words can, his, and it. The reason for the use of a southern accent is to set the mood of where the story takes place. Racist slurs such as â€Å"nigger† (Faulkner 146) are used to build a certain attitude toward the character who says them. Faulkner describes the way Abner walks as â€Å"stiffly† (Faulkner 146) which also affects the way the reader feels about the character. Many readers who are not familiar with the south the complex word usage in â€Å"Barn Burning† mean many things and nothing at times; this can also affect the reader’s attitude toward the story. In his writing Ernest Hemingway gives you a clearer and easier image of the setting in the story. It was late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the trees made against the electric light† (Hemingway 141). Another image follows instantly, of a girl and a soldier hurriedly passing by, â€Å"The street light shone on the brass number on his collar† (Hemingwa y 141). These images are visualized clearly which helps set the setting. The images Hemingway wants to show and describe in his story are put into simple words, which leave no confusion for the reader not to be able to feel or see the story. However William Faulkner uses a different technique. Faulkner’s images are given in difficult wording with excessive details. An example of this is shown in one of his stories, â€Å"ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read the scarlet devils and the silver curve of fish† (Faulkner 145). His description is longer and harder to understand unlike Hemingway which is easier and understandable to read. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway brings us to the moment with speed†¦In contrast Faulkner gently leads, involves and seduces, and then overwhelms† (Hemingway, Line: Ernest). When reading Faulkner’s story’s one must re-read the story in order to understand. In Ernest Hemingway’s story, the details he wants to describe are done to get the theme across. The details of the cafe and the bar are given so one can compare and understand the character’s loneliness and his need for light and cleanness. The cafe was â€Å"clean well-lighted† (Hemingway 144). The bar on the other hand was unpolished. Other details Hemingway includes are those of the old man’s character. â€Å"Last week he tried to commit suicide,† (Hemingway 141) and â€Å"He has plenty of money. (Hemingway 141) are given to descried the old man and set a setting. Also the language used in Faulkner and Hemingway are completely different. For instance the language used in the story â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner includes informal and slightly slanged words. â€Å"‘Naw,’ he said. â€Å"Hit don’t hurt. Lemme be. â⠂¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 147). Interior Monologue also makes up the element of language. Interior monologue is a tool through which a writer can exhibit the thoughts of the characters to the readers. â€Å"I could run on and on and never look back, never need to see his face again. (Faulkner 155) is Sarty’s interior monologue. Faulkner uses interior monologue to prove Sarty was not allowed to express himself freely out of fear. The sentence structure used in a story also has an impact on the reader’s attitude. The sentences are structured in a way to get certain points and feelings across. Sentence structure in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† includes short, choppy, simple and direct sentences. For example, ‘â€Å"He has plenty of money. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hemingway 141) and â€Å"‘Nothing. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hemingway 141). Formal, complex and long drawn-out sentences make up the sentence structure in â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner. â€Å"In the day the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. † (Faulkner 141). His sentences tend to long and breath taking. Faulkner’s style is formal but excessively detailed. He creates sentences extremely complicated that many times the best way to understand them is to go back and re-read the sentence. The boy, crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room, knew he smelled cheese, and more: from where he sat he could see the ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read, not from the lettering which meant nothing to his mind but from the scarlet devils and the silver curve of fish-this, the cheese which he knew he smelled and the hermetic meat which his intestines believed he smelled coming in intermittent gusts momentary and brief between the other constant one, the smell and sense just a little of fear because mostly of despair and grief, the old fierce pull of blood† (Faulkner 145). The style of both Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner are very different. One style, Hemingway being simple and to the point the other, easy enough for the reader to get a quick understanding and clear image of the story. Faulkner being complicated and full of details makes it complicated for the reader to understand the story. One must be open minded in order to understand Faulkner’s stories and the possible meanings of each one. Works Cited Dayan, Evea. Faulkner Vs. Hemingway: A Comparison of Writing Styles. Associated Content from Yahoo! Associatedcontent. com. Web. 30 July 2011. http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/292995/faulkner_vs_hemingway_a_comparison. html? cat=38 Faulkner, William. â€Å"Barn Burning. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 2nd Compact ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 145-158. Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 2nd Compact ed. New York:

A Man On The Moon Essay Example For Students

A Man On The Moon Essay A Man on the MoonApollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first human beings to walk on the Moon. The United States and more over the world, reveres astronauts like Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong for walking on the Moon. But if all we do is remember their moonwalk, then we will have missed the most important mission objectives. Indeed, there is more to begotten from the Apollo Space Program than just an edge in the space race. There is a high set of values to be exemplified. What happened on July 20, 1969, was undoubtedly one of mankinds greatest achievements. Just eight years earlier, in May 1961, John Kennedy had challenged the nation to landing a man on the Moon and return him safely to the Earth by decades end (Chaikin, 1.) The purpose was simple: Space was the new battleground of the Cold War, and the Soviet Union was in the lead when in April 1961, when Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit the earth. This was an embarrassment for the Kennedy administration, save the Bay of Pigs (Chaikin, 2.)Some 400,000 Americans in government, industry, and academia formed the teams of Project Apollo, the largest peacetime effort in history (Chaikin, iii.) For the better part of a decade they labored to make Kennedys vision a reality. Through teamwork and an iron work ethic, these people all reached for the Moon. Finally, one July Sunday in 1969, the world listened, spellbound, as Armstrong and Aldrin descended in their lunar module Eagle toward the pockmarked surface of the Moons Sea of Tranquility. With only 20 seconds of fuel left before the mandatory abort limit, Eagle touched down safelyand on Earth, 400,000 people celebrated their triumph (Chaikin, 200.)Hours later, a television audience estimated at 600 million saw Neil Armstrong take his one giant leap for mankind, followed moments later by Buzz Aldrin (Chaikin, 209.) Together, the two astronauts took photographs, collected rock samples, and planted the American Flag on the ancient dust of the Sea of Tranquility. Two human beings were walking on another world. All of their selflessness, determination, and courage had paid off. When Armstrong, Aldrin, and Michael Collins splashed down in the Pacific four days later, the United States had completed its commitment to Kennedys challengeand won the race to the Moon. Five more landings followed Apollo 11, each more complex than the last, all dedicated to lunar exploration, to pushing our limits. It is now impossible to imagine the sense of hugeness that must have accompanied Kennedys challenge. But optimism was one of Apollos key ingredients: It fueled our dreams and sent us to the Moon. Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldine were the first humans walk on the Moon. The world needs heroes like astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong (Apollogies to the other 399,997 or so others who made the Manned Lunar Program a success.) But if all we do is remember their moonwalk, then we will have failed to live up to the example that they have set for us, through self sacrifice, determination, hard work, optimism, honor, courage, and commitment. Indeed, there is more to begotten from the Apollo Space Program than just a W in the space race. There is a high set of values to be mastered, and some very giant leaps to follow.

Small States Essay Example

Small States Essay Why do political demands for smaller states and bifurcation arise? There are, of course, emotional considerations like culture, language, religion and a sense of economic and regional deprivation. But more importantly, politicians envision additional posts of power as chief ministers or ministers, leaders of the opposition, Assembly speakers and so on. Similarly, government servants think of becoming chief secretaries or secretaries, DGs of police, chief-engineers, directors and so on.A common notion is that a larger share of central funds would flow into a new state compared to when it is a region in a larger state. Most also believe that a new capital city would provide better living conditions. Arguments are set forth that a smaller state with less number of districts would diminish the span of control of state-level functionaries. And that reduced distances between the state capital and peripheral areas would improve the quality of governance and administrative responsiveness and accountability.However, this can easily be achieved with strong regional administrative units in larger states. Evidence shows that both large and small states have fared well and that poor performance is not necessarily linked to size. In fact, today, technology can help make governing larger territories easier and bring even far-flung areas closer. Much more than the size of a state, it is the quality of governance and administration, the diverse talent available within the state’s population, and the leadership’s drive and vision that determine whether a particular state performs better than the others.A small state is likely to face limitations in terms of the natural (physical) and human resources available to it. Moreover, it will lack the kind of agro-climatic diversity required for economic and developmental activities. It would also be restricted in its capability to raise resources internally. All these factors would only make it more dependent on the Centre for financial transfers and centrally-sponsored schemes.Further, increasing the number of states in the country would expand the span of control of the central ministries dealing with states and of party high commands dealing with state party units. A new small state may find itself lacking in infrastructure (administrative and industrial), which requires time, money and effort to build. Some may argue that it is with this very purpose of developing infrastructure that demands for the creation of smaller states are encouraged.But experience shows that it takes about a decade for a new state and its government and administrative institutions to become stable; for various issues of division of assets, funds and of the state civil service(s) to get fully resolved; and for links to the new state capital to stabilise. The cost of this transition is not low and the state’s performance may suffer during this interim period. So, the rationalisation of some existing state boundaries and reorganising territories may be desirable for reasons of physical connectivity.And even as this and other socio-political factors could be considered by a new State’s Reorganisation Commission, a change merely for the sake of having a small state is not desirable. Moreover, we cannot fix a state’s optimum size on a whim. It calls for a thorough evaluation of physical features like land quality and topography, agro-climatic conditions, socio-cultural factors, natural and human resource availability, density of population, means of communication, existing administrative culture and effectiveness of its district and regional administrative units and so on.There are numerous demands for smaller states in different parts of the country. However, smaller states are not a panacea for India’s myriad problems. Neither can they resolve issues faced by various regions and sections of society. Larger states may be, in fact, more economically- and financially-viable and better capable of serving people and achieving planned development. If the administration in a large state suffers from inefficiencies, what is the guarantee that it will become competent by merely creating a smaller state?

101 Responding and Structure Professor Ramos Blog

101 Responding and Structure Quick Write Quick Write In academia we use the word argument when referring to writing. What do you think we mean by argument? What is the difference between an argument and a fight? Responding Chapter four details the three major forms of response: agree, disagree, and agree but with a difference. You can argue anything. Remember, not everything has to be an argument.  For this class, we will focus on responding to arguments/conversations. Responding Templates The book includes many templates. Including to  Disagree p. 60,  Agreeing p. 62, and  Agreeing and Disagreeing Simultaneously p. 64. Write a response using the templates to one of the articles we have read. You have to write three responses, One agreeing, one disagreeing, and one both agreeing and disagreeing simultaneously. Why did we do this exercise? Show, Don’t Tell The writing you do at this level should do the work, instead of you having to tell us. No more lines like: In this essay†¦ My narrative is about†¦ Building Structure Focus on events in your story. What events help you to tell your story? First Event Next Event Next Event Final Event Do tell us what you went through. Show us what happened. Place us there with you. Four Frames You have four frames to tell us the story. What scenes will you include? What details will you want to draw into each scene? Details are important when telling a story. It helps your readers see what it is you are telling them. Why Diversity Matters Why Diversity Matters

Operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Operations management - Essay Example The company was started in 1906 and the famous model of ‘Silver Ghost’ was launched in 1907 which ran a non-stop 14371 miles before entering the list of legends. The company had its factory in the starting stage in Manchester and later moved into a custom built set up for its operation in Nightingale Road, Derby. After the world war, Rolls Royce started its production of cars again and set up a factory in the US in 1921. It was there that Rolls Royce manufactured the R-engine looking at the Inter-continental sea-plane contest. The engine set a record air-speed and won the trophy (Rolls-Royce plc., 2013, p.1). Later on the engine was developed and used in aircrafts. Rolls Royce developed the new model of Phantom that had the capability to set new benchmarks in the car industry. Several models of cars developed by Rolls Royce over the years are exclusive in their designs, structure of their chassis and innovative body built. Some of the world class and eminent models that have pioneered and shaped the automobile industry are Silver Wraith, Silver Dawn, Silver Cloud, Silver Shadow, Silver Spirit, etc. As a result of expansion of its operations, Rolls Royce, the unique corporation founded in the year 1906 was divided into Rolls Royce. as well as Rolls Royce Motors in the year 1973. After the demerger from the original company, Rolls Royce is a chief provider of power systems as well as services in the world. The Rolls Royce places customer, innovation, growth and profitability at its core values of operation (Rolls-roycemotorcars., 2013, p.1). The company provides integrated power systems and has long term strategic plan of substantial size of order book, entering into long-term service agreements with their customers...While Rolls Royce Motor cars are focused at car manufacturing, Rolls Royce is focused at providing integrated power systems to the world. Introduction: Rolls Royce Rolls Royce was created after a famous lunch between the two eminent founders of the company. As a result of expansion of its operations, Rolls Royce, the unique corporation founded in the year 1906 was divided into Rolls Royce. as well as Rolls Royce Motors in the year 1973. After the demerger from the original company, Rolls Royce is a chief provider of power systems as well as services in the world. The Rolls Royce places customer, innovation, growth and profitability at its core values of operation (Rolls-roycemotorcars., 2013, p.1). Rolls Royce: Its operations Rolls Royce has demerged into Rolls Royce Motor cars and Rolls Royce. While Rolls Royce Motors have focused on the manufacture and operations of its cars, Rolls Royce have since been focusing on operations in aerospace, power systems and the defence sector. The ownership of Rolls Royce Motor cars was taken over by Vickers during 1980 to 1988. Since 2003, the manufacturing rights of Rolls Royce motor cars were handed over to BMW. Rolls Royce Motor cars which now operate as a subsidiary to the German automaker Bentley Motors Limited run a production mix of the Rolls Royce and the Bentley brand of cars.

The Psychology of Adult Learning Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Psychology of Adult Learning Case - Essay Example I have selected this student for the case study because she is one of the most successful and influential models in my life. In contrast with most of the students her age in Saudi Arabia, KM loved going to school from the beginning of primary classes. In addition, KM, as was evident to those who have known her from her youth, has a strong character and power to change things she does not like. She loved working and helping other people, which has helped her to become a doctor in her future life. The theory of motivation is going to be applied to illustrate how it psychologically influenced KM to pursue this particular career. As such, the attached transcript (Appendix 4) will relate these issues to the existing theoretical position within psychology and adult education. In particular, this case study will investigate how these theories are related to the participant’s experience. The interview for this case study was conducted in the participant’s home on Sunday 31 December. Before this date, the interviewer sent KM an online copy form of the â€Å"invitation to be interviewed† and the â€Å"case study participation consent form†. After having a discussion about the issue online, the participant and the interviewer agreed that it would be better for both of them to meet at the participant’s home. The reason for this choice was that both sides would feel more relaxed and comfortable in a private and familiar setting as this would be more suitable within the culture of both the participant and the interviewer. In addition, this was where the participant studied and read during the period of her school and college attendance. The interviewing method was also chosen because it allows the participant to express her views in a free manner. It also allows the interviewer to gain first-hand information about the participant’s views towards a particular subject area.

Different Alternatives To Imprisonment Criminology Essay

Different Alternatives To Imprisonment Criminology Essay 1. INTRODUCTION Alternatives to imprisonment are a new approach globally in corrections. Following the World War II, penal authorities began to doubt the wisdom of keeping the prison alone as the primary correctional strategies. According to Todd, Clear Braga, (Todd, 1995, p. 80) provides that community-Based Correctional approaches grow in become common for second and third time criminals to receive sentences of probation with certain conditions established by the court and where the same felons is on the community service programs. The focus here is on alternatives to imprisonment by looking it through internationally accepted standards. The authors of this paper will focus on the following alternatives to imprisonment: community service, periodical imprisonment, correctional supervision, house arrest/ electronic monitoring and day-parole. 2. DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVES TO IMPRISONMENT 2.1 Community Service Community Service is an alternative the court may use when it has decided that a persons offence is serious and that he/she is suitable for making compensation by productive unpaid work in the community. Community Service should be physically and emotionally demanding of the offender in that it is a restriction of freedom, involves self-discipline and a respect for others and should engage the offender in tasks or situations that challenge his/her attitude, experience and ability. Community service can therefore be a positive way of making an offender compensate for offences and it can encourage personal growth and self-respect. It shows the offender that the community is affected by criminality and the community can see that offenders can make a constructive rather than destructive contribution to the community. (ZNCCS Service, 1997, p. 4) Legal framework for alternative non-custodial sanctions is highlighted in international guidelines and national legislation as provided by Bukurura (Bukurura, 2003, p. 82). On international level it is provided for in the United Nations Standards Minimum Rules for non-custodial measures (Nations, 1990). In the United States of America for instance, community-based sanctions are crucial of the United States criminal justice system. Professionals have constantly demonstrated their willingness to adopt evidence based practice. According to (Melvor, 2004) who described community service in Belgium, Netherlands, Scotland and Spain in co-operate perspective by stating that, current criminological research is particularly interested to know if they are not witnessing a punitive turn which seems to western democracies today than few decades ago. The new punitive literature and study on the culture of control have fuelled an ongoing debate and research on this question. Community service order was for the benefit of the community as it was introduced in Spanish legislation with the 1995 criminal code of that country. The Uganda Correctional Service also introduced the Uganda Community Service Bill, 1998, with its main objectives to provide community service for persons who commit minor offences, in order to reduce overcrowding in Prisons, to rehabilitate prisoners in the communities by doing productive work and to prevent minor offenders mixing with hard core criminals. The bill further seeks to empower a court which convicts a person of a minor offence, to direct the offender, with consent of the offender to perform community service as an alternative to imprisonment. (Service, 1998, p. 1) The first initiatives in the Community Service Orders started with National sensitization seminar that was held in 2002 and attended by Regional Governors, line Ministries, Home Affairs, and Justice, Prisons and Correctional Service and heads of Criminal Justice System. (Coordinator, Consultative Visit Report, 2002, p. 1) The proposed Bill on Community Service Orders in Namibia introduces various provisions that may facilitate the implementation of Community Service Orders in the country. It is important to note that from sentencing point of view, Community Service Orders is an option employed in appropriate cases to keep an offender out of prison. Accordingly a relationship exists between the imprisonment that might have been imposed and the Community Service Order that is to be served instead. (Coordinator, Namibia Community Service Orders, Manual, 2005, p. 5) 2.2 Periodical Imprisonment The court can direct an offender to stay in Prison on weekends or at night between 18h00 and 06h00. A sentence of periodic imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment during which the committed person may be released for periods of time during the day or night or for periods of days, or both, or if convicted of a felony, other than first degree murder, a Class X or Class 1 felony, committed to any county, municipal, or regional correctional or detention institution or facility in this State for such periods of time as the court may direct. Unless the court orders otherwise, the particular times and conditions of release shall be determined by the Department of Corrections, the sheriff, or the Superintendent of the house of corrections, who is administering the program. (b) A sentence of periodic imprisonment may be imposed to permit the defendant to: (1) Seek employment (2) Work (3) Conduct a business or other self-employed (4) Attend to family needs (5) Attend an educational institution With regards to periodical imprisonment, the Namibian Correctional System is line with abovementioned definition. 2.3 Correctional Supervision It is a sentence which is served within the community and not in the Prison. A person who is serving a sentence of Correctional supervision is known as a probationer. The aim of Correctional supervision is to provide a means of rehabilitation within the community, thus preserving the important links which the offender may have with his or her family or community. Correctional supervision allows, or encourages the offender to be employed. While imprisonment results in a loss of employment and the offenders failure to support his or her dependants and result in additional costs for the State. Since offenders are in the community, they are able to make decisions and take responsibility for their life. Offenders are also encouraged to take steps towards correcting their criminal behaviour through participation in rehabilitative programmes. A person sentenced to correctional supervision remains under the supervision and control of the Department of Correctional Services until the sentence expires. Supervision takes the form of direct monitoring of the offenders movements and compliance with the sentences conditions, as well as regular support sessions with social workers. Conditions of the sentence may include a period of house arrest; the requirement that the person be home between specified hours of the day; that he or she attends a treatment programme; self-restraint from alcohol or drugs; prohibition from leaving a magisterial district; or a certain number of hours of community service. Any or all of these conditions may be imposed. (Dissel, 1997, p. 4) Diversion is endorsed by Section 6 of the Criminal Procedure Act, and can be used where the offence committed is relatively minor. (Justice, 1977, p. 76). When the offender has admitted responsibility for the offence, the prosecutor can suspend the prosecution of the case upon fulfillment of certain conditions. This is usually on the condition that the offender attends a particular treatment programme. Charges are withdrawn after the conditions have been fulfilled. The Namibian legislation makes provision in the Prisons Act 17 of 1998 (Gazzette, 1998, p. 83) Section 96 and 97 that inmates be release on parole or probation on conditions as may be determined by the Zonal Release Board. 2.4 House arrest/electronic monitoring Home detention can be seen as an alternative to imprisonment and aims to reduce re-offending while also coping with increasing prison numbers and rising costs. It allows suitable offenders to retain or seek employment, maintain family relationships and responsibilities and attend rehabilitative programs that contribute towards addressing the causes of their offending. The terms of house arrest can differ, but offenders are rarely confined to their houses 24 hours a day. Most programs allow employed offenders to continue to work, and only confine them during non-working hours. They can leave their homes for specific, predetermined purposes; for example visits to the probation officer or police station, religious exceptions and medical appointments. (Spohn, 2008, p. 52). Many programmes also allow the offender to leave the home during regular, pre-approved times in order to carry out general household tasks such as shopping, church services, performing Community Services or attending authorised activities. (Stinchcomb, 2005, p. 99) House arrest in some countries such as Canada and New Zealand is often enforced through the use of technology products or services. An electronic sensor is sometimes locked to the offenders ankle known as an ankle monitor. A small portable monitoring unit that pick-up radio signals generated by offenders ankle or arm bracelet which is linked to a central computer system provides verification of an offenders whereabouts. (Champion, 2008) The electronic sensor transmits a GPS signal to a base handset. The base handset is connected to police or a monitoring service. If the offender with the sensor moves too far from home, the violation is recorded and the right authorities are summoned. Many ankle monitors can now detect attempted removal; this is to discourage tampering. The monitoring service is often contracted out to private companies, which assign employees to electronically monitor many convicts simultaneously. If the sensors detect a violation, the monitoring service calls the convicts probation officer. The electronic surveillance together with frequent contact with their probation officer and checks by the security guards provides for a secure environment. (Collins, 1974, p. 79) Another method to ensure house arrest are the use of automated calling services that require no human contact to check on the offender. Random calls are made to the residence and the respondents answer is recorded and compared to the offenders voice pattern. Authorities are notified only if the call is not answered or if the recorded answer does not match the offenders voice pattern. (Allen, 1986, p. 36). Currently, the Namibian Criminal Justice System is not making use of house arrest/ electronic monitoring. 2.5 Day Parole It is a management mechanism preceding the parole phase to gradually assist an offender to be released into the community at his own responsibility under controlled circumstances. Day parole implies the temporary release of an offender from Prison or a Correctional institution such as a halfway house to work or study, followed by re-confinement during non- work or non-school hours. During working hours offender work for an employer and are paid for the work. (Bruyns, An overview of the Criminal Justice System and Community-Based sentences, 2011). Currently, the Namibian Criminal Justice System is not making use of day parole. FINDINGS Based on the literature review and own understanding of the subject area, the authors of this paper found that there is a great need for alternatives to imprisonment. Community Service as a community-based sentence, a pilot projects in the Northern region of the country has proved that it is a success in Namibia. The Namibian Correctional Service (NCS) have a draft Community Service Order Bill which stipulates clearly the conditions under which an offender had to perform Community Service. Political or religious groups must not benefit from the work allocated to inmates. (Bruyns, The impact of prison reform on the inmate population of swaziland, 2007, p. 60). An offender who has not committed a serious crime or developed a criminal lifestyle, in the community will be able to access community support systems to assist him in rehabilitation, with the hope of preventing his re-offending. The findings also have it on good authority that the rationale for community-based sentences is to keep offenders out of the Prison, and rather send them to serve their sentences in the community. This simply means that offenders remain in their communities to perform productive work in order to support themselves and their families, in other words the alternatives to imprisonment were found to be promoting family cohesion. Through serving their sentences in the community the offenders also repay victims (retribution) for losses suffered. With regards to the effectiveness of community-based sentences, the advantages and disadvantages were also thoroughly scrutinised and it is found that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Alternatives to imprisonment were found to be the process of reducing prison population (overcrowding). Overcrowding is found to be a general situation in Prisons when the total number of inmates in prison is beyond the authorised holding capacity. In order t o address this ever increasing problem within our Correctional facilities the authors of this paper found that alternatives to imprisonment is a suitable answer to overcrowding. Alternatives to imprisonment is also found to be promoting community development through utilisation of skills possessed by the offenders other than locking them up in prisons. A good example is, when a professional such as a Medical doctor is sentence to an alternative to imprisonment the skills possessed by that particular Medical doctor can be utilised to the great benefit of the community, rather than locking him/her up in Prison, which will serve no purpose. Community based sentences in comparison with imprisonment was found to be much cheaper. This finding is evident from the fact that offenders incarcerated have to be provided with food, bedding, clothing, water and electricity and so forth through government expenditure. On the other hand the offenders serving community-based sentence remains in the community and is responsible for his needs. Community-based sentence is furthermore found to have positive impact on recidivism in a sense that offenders are given chance to remain and serve their sentence in the community. In other words their chances of reoffending are very slim contrary to those incarcerated, while offenders who are imprisoned are mixing with hard core criminals and the programme officers do not have enough time complete rehabilitation programmes, especially when they serving short term imprisonment. 4. CONCLUSION It is evident from the findings that alternative sentences outweigh imprisonment in terms of maintaining offenders dignity, reducing of prison population (overcrowding), promoting community development through utilisation of skills possessed by the offender other than locking them up in prisons, saving government expenditure and promoting family cohesion, and reduction of recidivism. Apart from serving all abovementioned good purposes, alternatives sentences also served as a way of avoiding mixing of the first offenders with hardcore criminals in the prisons. The offenders who are serving alternative sentences will perform positive unpaid work within their areas of home and do the kind of reparation to the community rather than ending up in Prisons. Imagine, locking up offender who committed minor offence such as shoplifting together with hard core murderer or rapist would result in that offenders become more criminal than rehabilitated. 5. RECOMMENDATIONS Against this backdrop, it is strongly recommended that alternative sentences to imprisonment such as community service, periodical imprisonment, correctional supervision, house arrest/ electronic monitoring and day-parole be considered by Correctional Services, particularly, Namibian Correctional Service. After studying the pros and cons of alternatives to imprisonment, this type of sentencing is just one of the positive ways of dealing with offenders. Against this background the authors of this paper strongly recommends these other alternatives as follows: The Court sentence offenders with minor offences to alternative as such community service, periodical imprisonment, correctional supervision, house arrest/ electronic monitoring and day-parole. This type of alternatives aims to achieve and involve the reintegration of the offender as law-abiding citizens back into the community by; enforcing unpaid work, ensuring reparation to the community, reduce a risk of recidivism or repeat offending, increased chance of rehabilitating the offender to acceptable social standards. Secondly, periodical imprisonment is recommended to be used as alternative to imprisonment as it promotes community development through utilisation of skills possessed by the offenders other than locking them up in prisons. Thirdly correctional supervision is recommend by the authors as alternative to imprisonment based on the reasoning that this type of alternative aims to provide a means of rehabilitation within the community, thus maintaining the important links which the offender may have with his or her family or community. Furthermore correctional supervision allows, or encourages the offender to be employed. Correctional supervision as an alternative to imprisonment ensure that the offender remain employed and thus able to support his or her dependents and do not result in additional costs for the State. Since offenders are in the community, they are able to make decisions and take responsibility for their life. Offenders are also encouraged to take steps towards correcting their criminal behaviour through participation in rehabilitative programmes. Fourthly, house arrest/ electronic monitoring is recommended not to be a viable alternative to imprisonment in Namibia as this may not be in concurrence with the Constitutional provisions such as respect of human dignity and freedom of movement provided for in articles 8 and 21 respectively of the Namibian Constitution. (Government N. , 2010) page number. Lastly day parole is strongly recommended by the authors as a viable alternative to imprisonment since it gradually assist an offender to be released into the community at his own responsibility under controlled circumstances. Day parole implies the temporary release of an offender from Prison or a Correctional institution such as a halfway house to work or study, followed by re-confinement during non- work or non-school hours. During working hours offender work for an employer and are paid.